<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> </span></b><span style="font-size:22.0pt;font-family:黑体;">嵌入式系统课程实验报告</span><span style="font-size:22.0pt;"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <span style="font-size:22.0pt;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;"><span> </span></span></u><u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;">数学与计算机科学</span></u><u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;">学院</span><u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;"><span> </span></span></u><u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;">软件工程</span></u><u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span></u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;">专业</span><u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>08<span> </span></span></u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;">班级</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;">小组成员</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;">_________</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;">刘爽</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;"> ____________</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;">刘雪莲</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;">____________________________</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;">设计实验名称：</span><u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;"><span> </span></span></u><span class="postgrey"><span style="font-family:宋体;">嵌入式</span><span>Linux</span></span><span class="postgrey"><span style="font-family:宋体;">移植实验</span> </span><u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></u> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;"> <b><span style="color:black;"><span>一、</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;">实验要求</span><span style="color:black;"></span></b> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">1. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">掌握交叉编译环境的建立和使用； <span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">2. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">熟悉<span>Linux</span>开发环境，掌握<span>Linux</span>内核的配置和裁减； <span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">3. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">了解<span>Linux</span>的启动过程。 <span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="color:black;"> </span></b> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;">二、实验内容</span><span style="color:black;"></span></b> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:21.75pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">1. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">了解<span>Linux</span>基础知识以及<span>Linux</span>开发环境； <span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:21.75pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">2. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">根据教学实验系统的硬件资源，配置并编译<span>Linux</span>核心； <span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:21.75pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">3. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">下载并运行<span>Linux</span>核心，检查运行结果。 <span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span> </span> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:22.5pt;text-indent:-22.5pt;"> <b><span style="color:black;"><span>三、</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;">实验步骤</span><span style="color:black;"></span></b> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;"> <span style="color:black;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;">操作过程</span><span style="color:black;"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:21.75pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）连接仿真器，串行接口，电源线<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:21.75pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）拔掉<span>PC</span>机主机当前连接的网线，用另一根网线将目标机和<span>PC</span>机主机相连<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:21.75pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">3</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）按<span>7</span>检测是否已有<span>Linux</span>系统，如果没有，则需要烧入<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.0pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）打开<span>linux</span>虚拟机、超级终端<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.0pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">5</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）点击<span>“</span>红帽子<span>-></span>系统设置<span>-></span>服务器设置<span>->nfs</span>服务设置<span>”</span>，进入到命令<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.0pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">行控制台。输入<span>cd /home/cvtech/jx2440/Linux</span>进入到<span>linux</span>内核文件夹<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.0pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">下<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.0pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">6</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）在虚拟机输入<span>make menuconfig</span>调出设置菜单，选择<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.0pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">Load an Alternate Configuration File</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">将设置修改为<span>config-2440</span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">7</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）保存退出之后，用<span>ls -al</span>查看详情，看是不是自己新生成的配置文件<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">8</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）用<span>make zImage </span>生成镜像文件，镜像文件会自动复制到<span>Linux </span>的根<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">目录，可用<span>ls -al zImage </span>查看详情，确定是否是新生成的<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">9</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）在<span>“</span>虚拟机<span>-></span>设置<span>-></span>选项<span>-></span>共享文件夹<span>”</span>中设置共享文件夹，默认是<span>D</span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">的<span>share</span>，可以创建这个文件夹，把<span>2440</span>文件夹里的<span>ramdisk.gz</span>文件拷进<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">去，然后在虚拟机中调用<span>cp ramdisk.gz /tftproot</span>命令，可以把它复制<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">到<span>Linux</span>根目录<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">10</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）在超级终端操作，输入<span>tftp 30800000 ramdisk.gz</span>将<span>ramdisk.gz</span>通<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">过网线加载到目标机，然后输入<span>tftp 30008000 zImage</span>把<span>zImage</span>加载到<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">目标机<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">11</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）在超级终端<span>go 30008000</span>就可以运行<span>linux</span>系统了<span><br /> <br /> </span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">实验结果<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">Linux</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">移植成功，目标机上出现小企鹅<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">3.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">核心代码<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"><span> </span><span> </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">虚拟机<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"><span> </span> 1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）<span> cd<span> </span>/home/cvtech/jx2440/linux-2.6.30.4//</span>到内核目录<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> make menuconfig //</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">选择<span>load an Alternate configuration file config-2440</span>载入<span> </span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> //JXARM9-2440</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">的标准配置文件<span>config-2440</span>，该文件保存在<span>linux-2.6.30.4</span>目录<span> </span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;text-indent:48.0pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">）<span>make zImage//</span>编译<span>zImage</span>文件，将编译得到的文件进行压缩，<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;text-indent:48.0pt;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">并加入一段解压的启动代码<span> </span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> cd tftpboot</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> ls -al //</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">检查映像文件<span>zImage</span>是否存在<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> cd /mnt/hgfs/share </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> ls -al</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> cp ramdisk.gz /tftpboot</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">（将<span>D</span>盘<span>share</span>文件里的<span>ramdisk.gz</span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">共享到<span>linux /tftp</span>目录下）<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> cd /tftpboot/</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> ls</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-family:"color:black;"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;">超级终端<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> tftp 30800000 ramdisk.gz</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> tftp 30008000 zImage</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt;text-align:left;" align="left"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> go 30008000</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;">四、实验心得</span><span style="color:black;"></span></b> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:29.25pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;"></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;"></span> <div> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;">组长刘爽：此次实验，忘记截图。后来电脑也出了问题，但是我们后来借用其他同学的电脑完成了实验。重点在于理清内核移植的核心，在于把</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"">zImage</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;">和</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"">ramdisk.gz</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;">传到目标机并运行。总体难度不大，但是要理解每一个命令行的含义，还需要好好琢磨<span style="color:black;"></span></span><br /> </div> <br /> <span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;"> <div> </div> </span><span style="color:black;"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:29.25pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;">组员刘雪莲：本次实验中，我们发现了一个以前其他实验课经常遇到的问题——</span><span style="color:black;">PC</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;">机只出现一个紧急登录的页面没有出现让我们输入学号和密码的界面，之前还以为是电脑出问题了，原来是网线没插好。这次实验又是一波三折啊，电脑莫名其妙的突然黑屏，经过一些初步检查发现应该是显示屏电源线接触不良，组长大大辛苦的把所有线都换到旁边的电脑上，发现</span><span style="color:black;">PC</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;">机和目标机连接不起来，不知道是不是那台</span><span style="color:black;">PC</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:black;">机上没有目标机的驱动程序？</span><span style="color:black;"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:29.25pt;"> <span style="color:black;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:29.25pt;"> <span style="color:black;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;" align="left"> <b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;"> </span></b> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span> </span> </p>
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